The Transit Toolkit

The SAS is a proprietary program developed in-house by TMD staff for analysis of service ridership and operating performance at various geographic and temporal levels needed to support transit system restructuring plans. It is designed to provide data in comprehensive, accessible forms for service review and development of recommendations to improve service efficiency and effectiveness. The SAS was originally developed to provide the needed route, route segment, and key hub ridership and service performance information, by time of day and day of week, to support Metro’s major sector restructuring projects of 20 years ago. It has continued to be updated as new data becomes available (e.g., APC, AVL, farebox) and to stay current with industry best practice (e.g., new productivity measures like passenger boardings per revenue hour and mobility indices like passenger miles per revenue seat mile). SAS tabulations are exported as Excel spreadsheets for use by the project team. The system provides many pre-structured reports in Excel, special graphics in Access, and mapping in ArcGIS. SAS allows for efficient analysis by route and service day, as well as individual route segments and time-of-day levels.

While a transit plan may look affordable today, it is important to avoid surprises after implementation. TMD’s Microsoft Excel-based financial model projects out revenues and expenses over a 10 to 20-year period to ensure the plan is sustainable over the long-term. Using ridership, productivity, fare revenue, and operating expenses, the model equips agencies with the tools they need to manage costs and ensure revenue streams cover ever-escalating expenses. The model is designed to be updated each year as budget projections turn into actual revenues and costs.

TMD uses a discrete choice fare model that captures changes in ridership and shifts in media across different customer groups in accordance with Title VI and Environmental Justice requirements (FTA Circular 4702.1B). The TMD-developed discrete choice, nested logit model applies variable pricing elasticity and consumer media choice coefficients across various customer groups to accurately forecast ridership and revenue impacts. The MS Excel-based model is customizable for each transit system’s unique circumstances and is available as a “leave-behind” for future transit system use.

TMD uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to integrate the geographic components of mobility into the transit planning process. GIS enables TMD to perform mapping, spatial analysis, and visualization for each project, communicating our findings and recommendations through the spatial lens.

We use ArcMap and ArcGIS Pro to analyze and map both the service and market aspects of the planning process. We leverage demographic and survey data to identify travel demands and transit markets, mapping and analyzing where people live, where people work, and where they need to travel. Mapping service data, like transit boardings and alightings, passenger load, productivity, frequency, trips, and travel patterns, provides insight into the effectiveness of existing transit service. These geospatial analyses are essential, as they contribute to our development of service and infrastructure recommendations, highlight potential areas that would benefit from transit-oriented development (TOD), as well as inform social equity evaluations.

Story Maps is another GIS technology leveraged at TMD. It is an online tool that facilitates digital storytelling using a series of maps, text, and images. Story Maps is a highly visual medium for communicating transit concepts and recommendations, maximizing accessibility for clients, stakeholders, and the public. Messages and ideas are instantly shareable through the click of a website link, and the visuals, supporting text, and images walk the reader through a project story at their own pace.

TMD also has the capability to perform complex geospatial analysis using our ArcGIS Network and Spatial Analyst extensions. We can analyze and evaluate access to transit for pedestrians and cyclists, access by key demographic groups, origin and destination routing, stop spacing, and ridership density. We not only have the tools to perform advanced geospatial analysis of transit systems and environments, but also the knowledge and experience to effectively visualize the technical outputs so they are visually appealing and understandable to any audience.

To sum it up, GIS is an essential and useful tool when it comes to examining any transit network, and a critical one when helping shape transit systems for the future.

Data is only as useful as the story it tells and the insights that can be gained from it. As part of the data analysis and existing conditions assessment that TMD conducts with every COA project, we develop rich, dynamic dashboards using the Tableau platform. These charts, maps, and other visualizations help our clients to know they are telling the right story and ensure their staff and the public understand the existing strengths and weaknesses of a transit system and where future investment is warranted. Among other things, Tableau can help you:

• Visualize ridership and other performance metrics spatially and temporally
• Monitor service statistics or performance indicators on an ongoing basis
• Share rich visualization and map dashboards with staff, stakeholders, or the public

TMD developed the tool for analyzing Smart Card user travel patterns to better understand how customers are using transit to make specific journeys. Key information like trip lengths on each route and transfers are determined using a series of algorithms that connect individual Smart Card use over time to identify partial and complete journeys. This information is available on the Tableau platform and allows for informed corridor service design decisions (should the focus be on short or long customer journeys or both?) and how often each type of trip is made by the customer. Focusing first on the needs of the most frequent customers is of critical importance in growing and maintaining ridership according to recent industry market research. TMD’s tool links actual customer transit use to corridor service design to maximize overall network ridership performance.

TMD schedulers are expert users of Optibus™, Trapeze™, and Hastus™ so you can take advantage of these integrated, modular software solutions for bus and rail transit scheduling, operations, and customer information. All three software packages can be used on-site or through remote access, giving you access to TMD scheduling experts at any time and place. TMD also uses an in-house tool, Model Journey Times (MJT), to support major running time recalibration work. MJT analyzes millions of AVL records to identify the optimal set of running and recovery times to meet stated OTP and CBA requirements. TMD has been providing the transit industry with best practice scheduling services for over 30 years building on our work developing “Transit Scheduling: Basic and Advanced Manuals” (TCRP Report 30).

• Service Scheduling – Schedule building, capacity and running time calibration, timed transfer coordination, and schedule optimization.
• Vehicle Scheduling – Software rule/parameter configuration, vehicle blocking (trip linking/hooking), block interlining optimization, depot assignment, non-revenue service (pull/deadhead) analysis (including new depot locations), and crew relief requirements.
• Crew Scheduling and Labor Support – Crew scheduling (runcutting), rostering, bid preparation, collective bargaining agreement review, labor negotiation support, and “what if” scenario testing.
• Training – On-site or remote training in basic and advanced scheduling techniques.
• Best Practice Review – Performance analytics, technology tool optimization, and best practice review.

Efficient and effective service design is essential to ensuring a successful project outcome. Along with other mapping and visualization tools, the TMD team brings extensive experience with transit planning online platforms like Remix™, Optibus™ Plan and Hastus™ NetPlan. If your organization has a subscription, or procures one as part of the project, we are prepared to utilize it for service design and also assist service planning staff with ongoing use. These platforms allow for an inclusive, collaborative route design and brainstorming process and analysis of service and market impacts. However, we understand some of their limitations and supplement these tools with our own in-house tools and industry expertise.